April 2021

It is often helpful for project managers to rely on existing frameworks and techniques when embarking on a new project. These frameworks are known as project management methodologies. A methodology is a set of tools and techniques that a project manager can use to begin to plan, design, and execute a project. While there are dozens of different methodologies project managers can choose from, there are three main approaches that can be effective across project types and industries: the Waterfall Methodology, the Agile Methodology, and a Hybrid Approach that combines principles of the aforementioned two methodologies.

THE WATERFALL METHODOLOGY

This is considered the most traditional approach to project management. Those who utilize the Waterfall method start by developing a clearly defined scope, schedule, and cost for the project, and then execute based on that scope. This approach aims to ensure all expectations set during the planning phase are met in a timely and effective manner. This method allows project managers to approach their work in a very linear, controlled way, and it is often utilized within the construction industry.

THE AGILE METHODOLOGY

The Agile approach, which falls within the greater Scrum Methodology, allows for maximum flexibility during a project’s execution. In many cases, a project manager works to define the scope of the project while the project development is already underway. To accomplish this high level of flexibility and change, project managers that utilize the Agile approach must establish an open dialogue with stakeholders and internal teams. They often also work on projects in iterative rounds—known as sprints— while guiding the project closer to a final conclusion. This project management methodology is popular among software developers who often begin projects without knowing exactly what their final product might look like.

A HYBRID APPROACH

Project managers [often] want to try to apply one methodology to all projects, but that doesn’t really work. Instead, using a hybrid approach and combining the relevant features of different methodologies when necessary to fit the needs of a specific scope of work. You want to have the necessary understanding of the different methodologies available in project management so that you can apply [the different aspects of each] to different project needs.